Soliloquies
Soliloquies are introspective monologues or inner dialogues performed by a character in a dramatic work, typically in theater or literature. In a soliloquy, a character reveals their innermost thoughts, emotions, and reflections directly to the audience, often speaking to themselves as if they are alone, even if there are other characters present on the stage. In this soliloquy, Prince Hamlet reflects on the nature of life and death, contemplating the pain and suffering humans endure:
"To be, or not to be—that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles And, by opposing, end them. To die: to sleep; No more; and, by a sleep to say we end The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep; To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub; For in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause."

Aside
An aside is a theatrical or literary device where a character momentarily steps out of the narrative flow to address the audience directly or share a private comment or observation with the audience while remaining unheard by other characters within the story's context. Asides serve to create a sense of complicity between the character and the viewers, as if they are being let in on a secret or offered a deeper understanding of the character's perspective. In this aside, the character Macbeth shares his inner thoughts with the audience while other characters are present on the stage but cannot hear him: "[Aside] If you can look into the seeds of time, And say which grain will grow and which will not, Speak then to me, who neither beg nor fear Your favours nor your hate."

Monologue
A monologue is a solitary and extended speech delivered by a character in a theatrical performance, literature, or any form of communication. In this uninterrupted and often introspective discourse, a character expresses their thoughts, emotions, ideas, or experiences in a detailed and continuous manner. Monologues can serve various purposes, including revealing a character's innermost feelings, conveying critical information, advancing the plot, or providing thematic commentary.
"Blow, winds, and crack your cheeks! rage! blow! You cataracts and hurricanoes, spout Till you have drenched our steeples, drowned the cocks! You sulphurous and thought-executing fires, Vaunt-couriers to oak-cleaving thunderbolts, Singe my white head! And thou, all-shaking thunder, Strike flat the thick rotundity o' the world! Crack nature's moulds, all germens spill at once That make ingrateful man!"

Irony
Irony in Shakespeare's works involves the deliberate use of language, situations, or character actions to create a disconnect between what is expected and what actually occurs. This incongruity can manifest as verbal irony when characters say one thing but mean another, dramatic irony when the audience knows something the characters do not, or situational irony when events take an unexpected turn.
In this scene, Mercutio has been mortally wounded, but he uses verbal irony and humor to downplay the seriousness of his injury:
Mercutio: "Ay, ay, a scratch, a scratch! Marry, 'tis enough. Where is my page? Go, villain, fetch a surgeon."
In this instance, Mercutio dismissively refers to his life-threatening wound as a mere "scratch," using verbal irony to mask the severity of his injury.

Foreshadowing
Foreshadowing is a literary and narrative device employed by authors and storytellers to provide subtle hints, clues, or indications early in a work of literature or a story that anticipate or suggest future events, developments, or outcomes. Through foreshadowing, creators create a sense of anticipation, build tension, and engage the audience's curiosity by dropping strategic breadcrumbs that lead the audience to speculate about what might happen later in the narrative.
In this scene, Friar Laurence is speaking to Romeo about the hasty nature of his love for Juliet:
"These violent delights have violent ends And in their triumph die, like fire and powder, Which, as they kiss, consume."

Wordplay
Double meanings and wordplays in Shakespeare's writings involve the deliberate use of words, phrases, or expressions that carry more than one interpretation or layer of meaning.
Mercutio: "O calm, dishonorable, vile submission! Alla stoccata carries it away. [Draws] Tybalt, you rat-catcher, will you walk?"
Tybalt: "What wouldst thou have with me?"
Mercutio: "Good king of cats, nothing but one of your nine lives; that I mean to make bold withal, and as you shall use me hereafter, drybeat the rest of the eight."
In this exchange, Mercutio playfully uses the term "king of cats" to mock Tybalt, suggesting that he is a skilled duelist. However, there's also a double meaning here as "cat" can be slang for a feline animal but also a term used to describe a woman or a young girl.

Theatrical Symbolism
Theatrical symbolism in Shakespeare encompasses the intentional incorporation of symbolic elements, including objects, actions, or imagery, to communicate abstract ideas, emotions, or themes within a play.
This could be anything from the recurring use of birds to symbolize freedom in “Macbeth” or the symbolic use of a dagger in “Hamlet.”

Chorus
In Shakespearean drama, a "chorus" typically refers to a group of characters who function as a collective voice within the play. Unlike the traditional chorus in ancient Greek drama, which offered commentary and insight into the unfolding story, Shakespearean choruses often appear in specific plays and serve distinct purposes. One notable example is found in Shakespeare's play "Henry V." In this play, the chorus is a single character who addresses the audience directly, providing context and asking for the audience's imagination to fill in the gaps for scenes that cannot be fully represented on the stage due to limitations of time, budget, or practicality. The chorus in "Henry V" invites the audience to use their "minds' eye" to envision epic battles, grand events, and distant locations.